PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.